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kidney disease, diabetes and sleep apnoea.įor a diagnosis of hypertension to be made the blood pressure must be elevated for several readings over time. Certain chronic medical conditions, e.g.Excessive caffeine intake (eg: coffee, tea, and some soft drinks).Male gender (although female risk increases after menopause).Excessive alcohol intake (more than two standard drinks per day).It can be difficult to predict who will develop hypertension but there are various known risk factors for the condition, the most important of which is being overweight. They may require 24-hour blood pressure monitoring to determine if they really do have hypertension or not. This is where the blood pressure goes up when they get it checked – usually due to anxiety. Some people have a condition known as "white coat" hypertension. With “secondary” hypertension, treating the underlying cause will often relieve high blood pressure. In the other 5% of cases hypertension is due to specific factors such as kidney disease or various gland disorders and is called “secondary” hypertension. This is referred to as “essential” hypertension. In approximately 95% of cases there is no one specific cause of hypertension. Aneurysm (a bulge in an artery wall which, if ruptured, can lead to serious internal bleeding).People with prolonged hypertension are at greater risk of developing medical conditions such as: In general, the longer high blood pressure is present and the higher it is, the more likely it is that damage will occur. There are usually no signs and symptoms of hypertension until the condition has been present for a long time, causing damage to blood vessels and internal organs (particularly the heart and kidneys). Blood pressure also increases with age, so what may be a normal blood pressure reading for someone in their 60's may be considered abnormally high for someone in their 20's. It is recommended that people with a history of heart disease, diabetes, or a high risk of heart attack or stroke, lower their blood pressure to less than 130/80 mmHg.īlood pressure varies throughout the day in response to factors such as excitement, stress, and exercise. The New Zealand Heart Foundation says an ideal blood pressure for most people is 120/75 mmHg or less, while high blood pressure is when blood pressure is consistently around or above 140/90 mmHg. The lower number is the “diastolic” reading and is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxed after a beat.The higher number is the “systolic” reading and is the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats, forcing blood around the body.A blood pressure reading is a measurement of this force and has two components: As blood travels from your heart it exerts pressure against the artery walls. High blood pressure is preventable and treatable, through lifestyle changes and medications.Īrteries are blood vessels that carry blood from your heart to all parts of your body (veins are the blood vessels that carry your blood back to your heart). It is advisable, therefore, to have blood pressure measured regularly, such as during routine visits to your doctor. Nearly two-thirds of people admitted to hospital with a heart attack have high blood pressure. Known medically as hypertension, high blood pressure affects up to 1 in 5 New Zealanders and is a significant contributor to the incidence of heart disease and stroke. It is advisable to repeat the measurement up to three times in a row (with a pause of few minutes in between) to establish a correct value.High blood pressure is when the pressure of your blood on your artery walls is abnormally high, potentially causing artery damage and health problems over the long term. It is also important to note that blood pressure values may be affected by adrenaline, emotions, exercise, sleep patterns and digestion so make sure you pick a good time to do the screening, or otherwise your measurements will not be accurate. Usually highest reading will be observed in the morning, while lowest readings will be observed in the evening or during the night, when body is at rest. Consecutive measurement will show a circadian rhythm over a 24-hour period.
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It is normal that blood pressure fluctuates during the day.
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Periodic checks can be done at home, using an appropriate and certified monitor, or by regular check-ups with your personal doctor. It is advisable to regularly monitor blood pressure values in order to detect any deviations early. Check out the blood pressure charts below to find out whether your values are within normal limits or try out our tool to help you evaluate your blood pressure figures more accurately.